Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, which is also referred to as manic-depressive disorder, describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood with or without one or more depressive episodes. The elevated moods are clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania. These changes in mood can last for hours, days, weeks, or months, and can range in severity. The episodes of mania and the rapid and unpredictable mood swings distinguish bipolar disorder from clinical depression.

While the precise cause of bipolar disorder is still unknown, genetic factors contribute substantially to the likelihood of developing bipolar disorder, and environmental factors are also implicated. Bipolar disorder is often treated with mood stabilizing medications and, sometimes, other psychiatric drugs.

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